Quantitative Fit Testing
Quantitative fit testing uses a specialized machine to measure the actual amount of air leakage into a respirator’s facepiece. Unlike qualitative testing, it does not rely on the wearer’s sense of taste, smell, or irritation to detect leaks.
During testing, a probe is attached to the respirator and connected to the machine by a hose. The machine then calculates the fit factor, which indicates how well the respirator seals.
OSHA-approved quantitative fit test methods include:
- Generated aerosol
- Ambient aerosol (using devices like the Portacount)
- Controlled negative pressure
Quantitative fit testing can be used for any type of tight-fitting respirator, including full-face and half-mask models.
Fit Testing Requirements
To ensure protection, you must be fit tested before using a respirator in the workplace and retested at least once every 12 months. Testing must be done with the exact make, model, style, and size of respirator you will wear on the job.
If your respirator fails the fit test, another model, size, or style must be tried until a proper fit is achieved. Employers are required to provide a reasonable selection of respirators for testing and selection.
Personal Equipment During Testing
If you wear prescription glasses, safety goggles, or earmuffs on the job, you must also wear them during the fit test to ensure they do not interfere with the respirator’s seal.
Additionally, the respirator fit should be retested whenever there is a change in your physical condition that could affect the seal, such as:
- Significant weight gain or loss
- Major dental work (e.g., new dentures)
- Facial surgery or scarring
- Other facial changes that alter shape or structure
Facial Hair and Fit
Facial hair — including beards, mustaches, or stubble — can break the seal between your face and the respirator, allowing contaminated air to leak in. Long hair should also be kept clear of the sealing area and valves to maintain full protection.
Fit Testing Portability
Fit testing can be conducted by your employer or a qualified third party, such as a union, apprenticeship program, or contractor association. If you have been fit tested within the past 12 months using the same respirator model, your current employer may accept that test. This is known as “fit testing portability.”
However, it is still your current employer’s responsibility to verify that all OSHA fit testing and recordkeeping requirements are met before you use a respirator for protection against hazardous exposures.